This information can include additional meanings of a target word, more examples of how the word is used in context, and, embedded in these examples, useful information about the grammatical behavior of the word.įor example, in the monolingual entry for the adjective critical, below, we can see that critical has five distinct senses (=meanings), and there are multiple full-length example sentences illustrating how critical is used when it carries each of these senses. The main advantage of monolingual dictionaries is that they provide more comprehensive information about the target language. This makes a bilingual dictionary quick and easy for a learner at any level to access. In a bilingual dictionary, you can look up a word from the target language (the language you are learning), and you will see a direct translation for this word in your native language, without having to navigate text in the target language that you may not easily understand. The chief advantages of a bilingual dictionary are its brevity and simplicity. For the sake of this answer, I will assume we are talking about full-length dictionaries of both types, and that the monolingual dictionary is one written for learners, such as Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary.īilingual and monolingual dictionaries both have advantages. Of course, the answer depends upon which monolingual and which bilingual dictionary.
#Monolingual dictionary online pdf
The earlier fascicles (4−26) can be downloaded as PDF files.Why are monolingual dictionaries better than bilingual ones? - Brian, Dominican Republic Hungarian-Estonian (Tartu University, 2010)ĭictionary of Estonian Sign Language (2014)ĭictionary of Estonian Dialects (online 2013-, lõpetis – nälpsama). Standard Estonian Dictionary for Russian School Students (2011, since 2019 in Sõnaveeb) "The Spelling Dictionary of Estonian 1918": A Commented Online DictionaryĮxplanatory Dictionary of the Estonian Language (6 vols, 2009)ĭictionary of Foreign Words (2012, online 2015)īasic Estonian Dictionary (A2/B1 level) (2014)Īdvisory Dictionary of Document Language (2013)ĭictionary of Estonian Word Families (2012)īilingual dictionaries Estonian-Finnish Dictionary (2019)Įnglish-Estonian (Machine Translation, constantly updated)Įstonian-Russian (1997 – 2009, since 2019 in Sõnaveeb) Language portal Sõnaveeb ('Wordweb') (2019) Combined dictionary search and language helpline e-keelenõu Dictionaries of Estonian Dictionary of Estonian 2019 ( in Sõnaveeb)ĭictionary of Collocations 2019 ( in Sõnaveeb) All of the works related to dictionaries are carried out using the Institute’s online dictionary systems EELex and Ekilex.Īll of the word collections of contemporary language important for national culture are nowadays stored at the Institute.
The Institute is the only institution in Estonia that compiles, collects and preserves large academic dictionaries, and creates and develops the necessary dictionary writing systems (DWS).
The most used dictionaries and databases are available at the language portal Sõnaveeb ('Wordweb', since 2019) and at the e-keelenõu portal. The Institute’s website receives ca 7.8 million user queries annually, reaching 40,000 searches per day for Estonian-Russian dictionary, 20,000 searches for general monolingual dictionaries of Estonian (for both, Dictionary of Standard Estonian and Explanatory Dictionary), as well as 12,000 searches for English-Estonian dictionary. The Institute’s digital language collections include ca 70 dictionaries and databases, containing ca 1.5 million lexical entries in total.
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